As it is mentioned in the preamble of the Treaty on the European Union, one of the objectives of the European Union (EU) is to implement a common foreign and security policy. Following the modifications made by the Treaty of Lisbon, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the EU is led by the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (High Representative). The High Representative presides over the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC), which in turn is in charge of the EU External Action. To fulfill their duties in carrying out the CFSP, the High Representative enjoys the help of the European External Action Service (EEAS). 
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The EU uses various (or legal instruments, as the Council calls them) to achieve its CF objectives. One of its preferred tools is the use of restrictive measures (or sanctions). Although there are no limitations on the types of restrictive measures the EU can choose, it has more frequently opted for certain types, including:

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• Trade Restrictions: Comprehensive or partial restrictions, or restrictions concerning specific sectors on trade activities. These can involve both the export and import of goods or services.

  • Arms Embargo: A type of trade restriction, arms embargoes are full or partial prohibitions on the sale or transfer arms, weapons, ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, spare parts for the, and technical advice, assistance, or training related to military activities.
     

• Financial Sanctions: Various financial restrictions namely:

  • Freezing of assets belonging to listed persons or entities;

  • Restrictions on investment; or 

  • Restrictions of provision of financial services to a listed person or a jurisdiction.
     

• Travel Resuscitations: Restrictions on the admission of listed persons; targeted individuals cannot enter the EU or travel beyond their member state of nationality if they are EU citizens.